March 27-28, 1971

International Herald Tribune

YAHYA DENOUNCES MUJIB AS TRAITOR : SHARP FIGHTING REPORTED
IN EAST PAKISTAN REVOLT

New Delhi, March 26 (Reuters) - Thousands of villagers have joined Awami League volunteers fighting West Pakistani troops in the streets of four major cities of East Pakistan, the Press Trust of India reported to night.

March 27, 1971

The  Statesman

BANGLA DESH DECLARES FREEDOM- RAHMANS'S STEP FOLLOWS ARMY CRACKDOWN- CIVIL WAR ERUPTS IN EAST PAKISTAN- AWAMI LEAGUE LEADERS GO UNDERGROUND 

Press Report from Delhi on March 27, 1971

Pakistan's eastern wing, rechristened the independent state of Bangla Desh by sheikh mujibur rahman in a clandesting radio broadcast, was in the throes of a civil war on friday with west wing troops restoring to force to regain control and the people, aided by the east pakistan rifles and the police, resisting the attempt, report uni.

Heavy fighting was going on in Dacca, Chittagong, Sylhet, Comilla and other towns, according to reports from across the border gathered by UNI bureaus in Shillong and Calcutta and correspondeants close to the border in the eastern sector. Casualties were believed to be heavy.

Mr. Rahman and other Awami Laegue leaders had gone underground according to highly reliable reports received in Gauhati by PTI and UNI. A later reports said Pakistan troops went hunting for them but could not find them.

Speaking over "Swadhin Bangla" (Free Bengal) Betar Kendra, Mr. Rahman later proclaimed the birth of an independent Bangla Desh.

March 29, 1971

The Daily Telegraph

'NO MERCY' IN PAKISTAN FIGHTING

West Pakistan troops tightened the Army grip on the Eastern province yesterday after a weekend in which many hundreds of civilians were reported to have been killed.

Our staff correspondent in Delhi cabled that East Pakistan was virtually sealed off from the outside world, but the indications were that killing was on a mass scale. The Dacca curfew was lifted yesterday, but last night more troops were flown to Chittagong to quell disturbances.

Bitter protests that the troops were showing no mercy and trying to terrorise the civilian population into submission came from supporters of Sheikh Mujibar Rahman's Awami League.

March 29, 1971

The Daily Telegraph

EAST WINGS SEALED OFF

Killing on a mass scale is underway in East Pakistan, caught in the grip of a vicious civil war, according to all available indications from the province, which is now virtually sealed off from the outside world.

March 29, 1971

The Daily Telegraph

CASUALTIES LIKELY TO BE HEAVY

Heavy civilian casualties can be expected form the Army takeover of East Pakistan. The shelling of the capital, Dacca, has been cold-blooded and indiscriminate although there was almost no sign of armed resistance.

March 30, 1971

International Herald Tribune

TRAGEDY IN PAKISTAN

The Eastern wing of Pakistan, much the more populous, won national elections last December and began moving peaceably to take over national power. The Western wing, which has dominated and exploited the East since Moslem Pakistan was carved out of British India in 1947, correctly perceived the threat and--rather than surrender power--stalled.

March 30, 1971

International Herald Tribune

DHAKA CIVILIANS 'STUNNED' BY KILLINGS, WITNESS SAYS

Dhaka (AP) After two days and night of shelling in which perhaps 7,000 Pakistanis died in Dhaka alone, the Pakistan Army appears to have crushed Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's 25 days of defiance in East Pakistan.

The army, which attacked without warning on Thursday night with infantry, artillery and American supplied M-24 tanks, destroyed parts of the city.

Its attack was aimed at the university, the populous old city, where Sheikh Mujib, the Awami League leader, had his strongest following, and the industrial areas on the outskirts of the city of 1.5 million people.  

April 2, 1971

International hearald tribune

DHAKA SAID TO BE BOMBED: ALL-OUT PAKISTAN OFFENSIVE REPORTED

New Delhi, April 1 (Reuters):- Indian press and radio reports said tonight that the Pakistan Army, Navy and Air Force had launched an all-out offensive to quell Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's resistance in East Pakistan.

All India radio and the Press Trust of India News agency, quoting reports reaching Calcutta said the drive followed the arrival of troops reinforcements from West Pakistan.

The radio said the Pakistan Air Force had bombed Dhaka and several other towns and that heavy fighting was going on for control of the capital.  

April 2, 1971

The Libyan Times

PAK. GOVT. SAYS INDIANS ARE NOW INFILTRATING TO HELP REBELS

 London, (UPI)- The Pakistan government said yesterday that armed Indians were "inflitrating the border areas of East Pakistan."

Radio Pakistan quoted a Foreign Office Spokesman as saying the Pakistan government was fully alive to the needs of the situation.

April 3, 1971

The Dai ly Telegragh

MASS KILLINGS IN TERROR CAMPAIGN BY PAKISTAN ARMY

Killing on a mass scale are reported to be continuing in East Pakistan, indicating that the Army has shown no let-up in the terror campaign begun after President Yahya Khan gave it his "full authority' to restore central Government control.  

April 3, 1971

Daily american

E. PAKISTAN FORCES STILL FIGHTING OVER WIDESPREAD AREAS

New Delhi, April 2 (AP)- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's independence forces apparently were active in vast sections of the East Pakistan countryside today as the Pakistan government officially acknowledged that the province was not as normal as originally claimed.

For the first time since the civil war broke out between the West Pakistan dominated army and the Sheikh's followers in the eastern wing, the government-controlled Radio Pakistan did not report normalcy throughout the province.  

April 4, 1971

The Observer

THE EXPLOSION OF A NATION

Whatever its military outcome, there will be no winners in the brutal conflict now going on East Pakistan. Nor will the war, which was so shortsighted started, damage only the interests of the two parties most immediately engaged in the conflict--Punjabi-dominated Pakistan and the Muslim Bengalis. It will almost certainly promote the risks of revolutionary warfare in a particularly explosive part of Asia, threatening India, Pakistan and Burma. And it will possibly draw both the Russians and the Chinese into this arena.  

April 5, 1971

Newsweek

PAKISTAN PLUNGES INTO CIVIL WAR

Until the very last moment, it looked as if the two proud men entrusted with Pakistan's density might still be able to avert a head-on clash. From the East Pakistani capital of Dacca came optimistic reports that President Mohammed Yahya Khan and Mujib--as the leader of seccesionist-minded East Pakistan is known-were about to reach a compromise. But then, with stunning suddenness, the pieces of Pakistan's complicated political puzzle flew apart. In the East Pakistan cities of Rangpur and Chittagong, federal troops poured machinegun fire into mobs of demonstrating Bengali nationalists. Swiftly, Yahya issued orders to his army to "crush the movement and restore the full authority of the government". In his turn, Mujib proclaimed East Pakistan the "Sovereign, independent People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali Nation)". And with that, Pakistan was plunge into civil war.  

April 5, 1971

Time

PAKISTAN: TOPPLING OVER THE BRINK

With the awesome fury of a cyclone off the Bay of Bengal, civil war swept across East Pakistan last week. In city after crowded, dusty city the army turned its guns on mobs of rioting civilians, Casualties mounted into the thousands. Through the full toll remained uncertain because of censorship and disorganization in the world's most densely populated corner (1,400 people per sq. mi.) at week's end some estimates had 2,000 dead. Even if President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan is prepared to accept casualities of geometrically greater magnitude, the outcome is likely to be the final breakup of East Pakistan and the painful birth of a new nation named Bangladesh (Bengal State).  

April 5, 1971

The daily telegraph

INDIA CANNOT STAND SILENT ON BENGAL, SAYS MRS.GANDHI

India could not remain a silent spectator of events in East Pakistan, Mrs. Gandhi, Prime Minister, said yesterday, But she called on Indians to keep emotions in check.  

April 5, 1971

International herald tribune

PAKISTAN CHARGES INDIANS ARE GIVING ARMS TO REBEL

New Delhi, April 4 (NYT)- Radio Pakistan has charged that nine Indian "vehicles' loaded with arms and ammunition crossed the East Pakistan border and were stopped by West Pakistani troops.  

April 6, 1971

International herald tribune

PAKISTANI ARMY IN BIG CITIES : REBELS HOLD MUCH OF EAST PAKISTAN

Chuadanga, East Pakistan, April 5 (AP)- Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman's independence forces held on today to stretches of East Pakistani territory along the border with India, vowing to fight until they defeat the Pakistan Army.  

April 8, 1971

The daily telegraph

USE OF U.S. JETS AND TANKS IN BENGAL WORRIES NIXON

The American Government, as chief supplier of arms to Pakistan, has made it's first move to express concern over reports that American military equipment is being used against civilians in East Pakistan.

The Assistant Secretary of State, Mr. Joseph Sisco, is reported to have voiced this feeling in a meeting with the Pakistan Ambessador, Mr. Agha Hilaly.  

April 9, 1971

Daily American

PAKISTAN SAYS INDIA MASSES FOR POSSIBLE INTERVENTION

New Delhi, April 8 (AP)- The Pakistan government said yesterday that the Indian armed forces were preparing 'for possible operations' in East Pakistan.  

April 9, 1971

Daily American

REBELS CONTUNUE TO GAIN IN EAST PAKISTAN

New Delhi, April 9 (UPI)- The Bengali secessionist forces have claimed almost complete control of the western part of East Pakistan, reports in the Indian Press said today.  

April 12, 1971

International  herald  tribune

CONCERN GROWS IN CONGRESS OVER ARMS AID TO PAKISTAN

Washington, April 11 (NYT)- The United States is continuing to ship to Pakistan ammunition and spare for weapons under a programme begun in 1967.

There is growing evidence that the Pakistani Army has been using American tanks, jet aircraft and other equipment in its attempt to crush the movement for autonomy by the predominantly Bengali citizens in the eastern half of the country.  

April 12, 1971

Time

PAKISTAN: ROUND 1 TO THE WEST

" There is no doubt" said a foreign diplomat in East Pakistan last week, "that the word masscare applies to the situation." Said another Western official: "It's a vertable bloodbath. The troops have been utterly merciless."

As Round I of Pakistan's bitter civil war ended last week, the winner-- predictably was the tough West Pakistan army, which has a powerful force of 80,000 Punjabi and Pathan soldiers on duty in rebellious East Pakistan. Reports coming out of the East via diplomats, frightened refugees and clandestine broadcasts varied widly. Estimates of the total dead ran as high as 300,000. A figure of 10,000 to 15,000 is accepted by several Western governments, but no one can be sure of anything except that untold thousands perished.

Mass Graves

Opposed only by bands of Bengali peasants armed with stones and bamboo sticks, tanks rolled through Dacca, the East's capital, blowing houses to bits. At the University, soldiers slaughtered students inside the British Council building. "It was like Chengis Khan," said a shocked Western official who witnessed the scene. Near Dacca's marketplace, Urdu-speaking government soldiers ordered Bengali-speaking townspeople to surrender, then gunned them down when they failed to comply. Bodies lay in mass graves at the University, in the old city, and near the municipal dump.  

April 13, 1971

The  Time

WITNESS TO A MASSACRE IN EAST PAKISTAN

An Accounts of Three Days of Carnage at Dacca University

 A student who survived the three days of carnage at Dacca University last month has given an eyewitness account of how the West Pakistani Army systematically shot down students and lecturers who were trapped in the encircled dormitories.

"I jumped out of the dormitory window and hid in the top of the tree for the night", he told a science lecturer at Notre Dame College, Dacca, who has now sought asylum in Calcutta.

"The firing continued. In the morning there was a lull and I saw some Pakistani soldiers giving orders to the terrified bearers. After a while I saw the bearer dragging the bodies of students and lecturers towards the football ground.

"They were ordered to dig a huge grave. The Pakistani soldiers told the eight or nine bearers to sit down. After a while they were ordered to stand and line up near the grave. The guns fired again and they fell next to the bodies of my friends."  

April 13, 1971

International Herald Tribune

EAST PAKISTAN PROCLAIMS ITS INDEPENDENCE

New Delhi, April 12 (AP)- An independent republic of Bangladesh (Bengali Nation) was formed tonight, with Sheikh Mujibur Rhaman as president of the secessionist province of East Pakistan, Indian radio monitors reported.

They said that announcement of the government's formation was heard on a newly set-up Free Bangladesh Radio, which had gone off the air two weeks ago, a few days after the civil war in the province broke out between the Sheikh's followers and the West Pakistan-dominated army.

Both of Indian's national news agencies carried the announcement.

The Free Bangladesh Radio also was quoted as announcing that Tajuddin ahmed, a close associate of Sheikh Mujib, would be the prime minister and foreign minister.

Syed Nazrul Islam, Vice-President of the Sheikh's outlawed Awami League, was named vice-president Bangladesh, the radio added.  

April 14, 1971

The Times

EAST BENGAL RESISTANCE CRUMBLES AS TROOPS ADVANCE

Chuadanga, East Pakistan, April 13, Armed resistance in much of East Bengal was crumbling fast today before the advancing columns of President Yahya Khan's Pakistan Army.  

April 15, 1971

International Herald  Tribune

REBELS ASK INTERNATIONAL AID: PAKISTAN ARMY PUSHES DRIVE AS THOUSANDS FLEE TO INDIA

New Delhi, April 14 (AP)- East Pakistan independence forces appealed today to other countries for arms and ammunition as the Pakistan Army intensified a two-pronged offensive to crush the three-week old rebellion in the secessionist province.

Meanwhile, refugees from East Pakistan poured into India today, fleeing from the advancing Pakistan Army troops. 'What was a trickle has become a stream', said a high Indian official, describing the influx of refugees.  

April 17, 1971

The  Daily Telegraph

PAKISTAN ARMY TAKES BANGLADESH CAPITAL

Pakistan Government forces last night took the town of Chuadanga, proclaimed two weeks ago as the provisional capital of Bangladesh, the breakaway eastern province.  

April 18, 1971

The  Observer

THE FADING DREAM OF BANGLADESH

Calcutta, 17 April- Troops from West Pakistan loyal to General Yahya Khan, the country's military ruler are now rolling up the map of Bangladesh. They have ended, for the time being, Bengali dreams of secession and freedom in East Pakistan.

Inspite of their passionate hopes, the unwarlike Bengalis have been no match for the   Frontier soldiers from the West- traditionally the best and most ruthless warriors on the Indian subcontinent.

But after a 200-mile journey through the tragic landscape of Bangladesh. I am sure that from now on President Yahya will hold his eastern province only by force and that his rule will be harassed by continual resistance, however, ill-organised and futile it may be. The Bengalis will never forget or forgive the happening of the past few weeks.  

April 21, 1971

Wall  Street  Journal

A FLICKERING CAUSE

East Pakistanis pledge to fight to the death but mostly they don't.... They lack Arms, Leadership to Prolong their Revolt; No Aid by other Nations.  

April 24-25, 1971

International Herald Tribune

BANGLADESH ISSUES APPEAL FOR RECOGNITION AS A NATION

New Delhi, April 23 (Reuters)- The so-called Bangladesh (Bengali Nation) government in East Pakistan tonight sent an appeal to world governments for recognition as the Pakistan Army gained more ground in its push against the secessionist regime's forces.  

April 25, 1971

The Sunday  Times

SPECTRE OF FAMINE OVER EAST BENGAL

An appalling picture of widespread devastation throughout the country is given by the latest reports reaching The Sunday Times from East Bengal. The vast, stricken area will take many weeks to make even a partial recovery from its wounds, and 'normality' in any pre-March, 1971, sense can probably never be restored. -----  

April 26, 1971

Newsweek

PAKISTAN: VULTURES AND WILD DOGS

For more than two weeks, the Pakistani Army of President Mohammad Yahya Khan had played curious waiting game. Siting tight in their well-fortified cantonments in the rebellious eastern wing of their divided country, the federal troops virtually ignored the taunts of the secessionist 'liberation forces'. But then early last week, the lull came to a sudden end. Springing from their strong-holds the Punjabi regulars simultaneously staged more than a dozen devastating attacks from one end of beleaguered East Pakistan to the other. And when the blitzkrieg was over, it was clear that the less-than-one-month-old Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali Nation) had been delivered a stunning blow.  

April 27, 1971

The Libian Times

INDO-PAKISTAN RELATIONS KEEP MOVING TO THE WORST BY THE HOUR

Moscow, (AP, UPI) - M. Arshad Hussein, special envoy of Pakistani President Mohamed Yahya Khan met yesterday with Soviet Preminer Alexei Kosygin for a private conference on undisclosed subjects.

An official announcement said Pakistani Ambassador to Moscow also took part in the meeting.

Arshad Hussein arrived in Moscow about five days ago, apparently to serve as Yahya Khan's spokesman with Soviet Officials about the trouble in East Pakistan and the explosive India-Pakistani climate.  

May 4, 1971

International Herald Tribune

PAKISTAN SAYS INDIA CREATES ATMOSPHERE OF CONFRONTATION

Karachi, May 3, (NYT)- Pakistan accused India today of 'creating an atmosphere of confrontation' and said Indian border units had shelled Pakistani positions. ----  

May 8-9, 1971

Interanational Herald Tribune

EAST PAKISTAN MILITARY CHIEF DENIES SLAUGHTER OCCURED

Dacca, East Pakistan, May 7 (NYT)- Gen Tikka Khan, the military governor of East Pakistan, said today that his staff had estimated that 150 persons were killed in Dacca on the night of March 25, when the army moved to reassert control over the province.

The General speaking at a reception, said that other estimates of the number of people killed, ranging up to 10,000 were wildly exaggerated. --------  

May 19, 1971

International Herald Tribune

MRS. GANDHI LAMENTS LACK OF AID FOR PAKISTAN REFUGEES

New Delhi, May 18 (AP)- Prime Minister Indira Gandhi complained today that "no prosperous country" or any of the "upholders of democracy has tried to help the nearly three million East Pakistani refugees now in India.  

May 22-23, 1971

International Herald Tribune

DEATH IN 'GOLDEN BANGLADESH'

Firm figures of massacre in East Pakistan, as anywhere, are hard to verify. Some say thousands, others insist on two hundred thousand. Probably 50,000 is a conservative estimate. Numbers of refugees are more obtainable: 650,000 in four Indian states on May 1.  

May 29, 1971

The Weekly Economist

HOW NOT TO FACE FACTS

President Yahya needs to acknowledge realities, Mrs. Gandhi needs to maintain her cool, and the rest of us should be more helpful.

It is a standard practice of governments, escpecially those which are fighting wars, to putout self-justifying propangda. This propaganda may fail to convince, which is troublesome. Or it may convince so well that the propagandists themselves are taken in, which is positively dangerous. The Government of Pakistan has clearly dug itself a credibility gap. The question now is whether it has also buried its head in the sand.  

May 29-30, 1971

International Herald Tribune

REBELS CALLED STILL ACTIVE IN EAST PAKISTAN CLASHES WITH ARMY TERRORISM REPORTED

New Delhi, May 28 (NYT)- Despite official descriptions of normality in East Pakistan, guerrilla activity and the army crackdown continue, according to reports from the area.

The foreign informants report that the Pakistani Army has been able to widen its control of vital installations and major towns and cities. But they say that guerrilla and terrorist activity by Bengali insurgents-but tressed by Bengali noncooperation in general-- has prevented the army from establishing an effective civil administration in most of East Pakistan.